The impact of linseed oil as a lipid source on liver disease induced by a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) was evaluated. Adult male Swiss mice received an HCD containing carbohydrates (72.1%), proteins (14.2%), and lipids (4.0%). The Control HCD group (HCD-C) received an HCD containing lard (3.6%) and soybean oil (0.4%) as lipid sources. The L10 and L100 groups received an HCD with 10 and 100% linseed oil as lipid sources, respectively. A group of mice were euthanized before receiving the diets (day 0) and the remaining groups after 56 days of receiving the diets (HCD-C, L10, and L-100 groups). Morphological and histopathological analyses, as well as collagen deposition were evaluated. Perivenous hepatocytes (PVH) of the HCD-C group were larger (P<0.05) than periportal hepatocytes (PPH) in the median lobe (ML) and left lobe (LL). There was a greater (P<0.05) deposition of type I collagen in PPH (vs PVH) and in the ML (vs LL). The ML exhibited a higher proportion of apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning. All these alterations (hepatocyte size, deposition of type I collagen, apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning) induced by HCD were prevented or attenuated in L10 and L100 groups. Another indicator of the beneficial effects of linseed oil was the lower (P<0.05) number of binucleated hepatocytes (HCD-C vs L10 or L100 group). In general, the L100 group had greater effects than the L10 group. In conclusion, linseed oil impedes or reduces the liver injury progression induced by an HCD.

The non-enzymatic antioxidant system protects blood components from oxidative damage and/or injury. Herein, plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity after acute strenuous swimming exercise (Exe) and exercise until exhaustion (Exh) was measured in rats. The experiments were carried out in never exposed (Nex) and pre-exposed (Pex) groups. The Nex group did not undergo any previous training before the acute strenuous swimming test and the Pex group was submitted to daily swimming for 10 min in the first week and 15 min per day in the second week before testing. Plasma glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were measured and plasma total protein sulfhydryl groups (thiol), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) levels were evaluated. There were marked increases in plasma lactate concentrations (Nex-Control 1.31±0.20 vs NexExe 4.16±0.39 vs NexExh 7.19±0.67) and in thiol (Nex-Control 271.9±5.6 vs NexExh 314.7±5.7), TEAC (Nex-Control 786.4±60.2 vs NexExh 1027.7±58.2), FRAP (Nex-Control 309.2±17.7 vs NexExh 413.4±24.3), and TRAP (Nex-Control 0.50±0.15 vs NexExh 2.6±0.32) levels after acute swimming and/or exhaustion. Also, there were increased plasma lactate concentrations (Pex-Control 1.39±0.15 vs PexExe 5.22±0.91 vs PexExh 10.07±0.49), thiol (Pex-Control 252.9±8.2 vs PexExh 284.6±6.7), FRAP (Pex-Control 296.5±15.4 vs PexExh 445.7±45.6), and TRAP (Pex-Control 1.8±0.1 vs PexExh 4.6±0.2) levels after acute swimming and/or exhaustion. Lactate showed the highest percent of elevation in the Nex and Pex groups. In conclusion, plasma lactate may contribute to plasma antioxidant defenses, and the TRAP assay is the most sensitive assay for assessing plasma non-antioxidant capacity after strenuous exercise.

We previously reported that both the high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) and high-fat diet (HFD) given for two months promote lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver and brain of mice. The results obtained indicate a tissue-specific response to both diets. Herein, we compared the effects of HCD and HFD on fatty acid (FA) composition and inflammation in the gastrocnemius muscle. Male Swiss mice were fed with HCD or HFD for 1 or 2 months. Saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA), and n-6 PUFA were quantified. The activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), Δ-6 desaturase (D6D), elongase 6, and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) were estimated. As for indicators of the inflammatory tissue state, we measured myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and gene expression of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10. The HCD led to a lower deposition of SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA compared to HFD. However, the HCD increased arachidonic acid levels, SFA/n-3 PUFA ratio, DNL, SCD-1, D6D, and MPO activities, and expression of IL-6, contrasting with the general idea that increased lipid deposition is associated with more intense inflammation. The HCD was more potent to induce skeletal muscle inflammation than the HFD, regardless of the lower lipid accumulation.

High caloric intake promotes chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes, which may be prevented by food restriction (FR). The effect of FR on expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and brain was compared. Male Swiss mice were submitted to FR (FR group) or had free access to food (control group) during 56 days. The liver, gastrocnemius muscle, brain, and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) were collected for analysis of gene expressions. FR attenuated inflammation in the liver, brain, and gastrocnemius muscle but did not markedly change inflammatory gene expression in epididymal WAT. We concluded that adipose tissue was less responsive to FR in terms of gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactatemia elevation and glycemia reduction on strenuous swimming performance in fasted rats. Three rats were placed in a swimming tank at the same time. The first rat was removed immediately (control group) and the remaining ones were submitted to a strenuous swimming session. After the second rat was exhausted (Exh group), the third one was immediately removed from the water (Exe group). According to the period of time required for exhaustion, the rats were divided into four groups: low performance (3–7 min), low-intermediary performance (8–12 min), high-intermediary performance (13–17 min), and high performance (18–22 min). All rats were removed from the swimming tanks and immediately killed by decapitation for blood collection or anesthetized for liver perfusion experiments. Blood glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations, blood lactate/pyruvate ratio, and liver lactate uptake and its conversion to glucose were evaluated. Exhaustion in low and low-intermediary performance were better associated with higher lactate/pyruvate ratio. On the other hand, exhaustion in high-intermediary and high performance was better associated with hypoglycemia. Lactate uptake and glucose production from lactate in livers from the Exe and Exh groups were maintained. We concluded that there is a time sequence in the participation of lactate/pyruvate ratio and hypoglycemia in performance during an acute strenuous swimming section in fasted rats. The liver had an important participation in preventing hyperlactatemia and hypoglycemia during swimming through lactate uptake and its conversion to glucose.

The impact of food restriction (FR) during 56 days on serum levels of cytokines in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) were evaluated. The amount of food was reduced 50% for HFD-FR and HCD-FR groups compared to mice receiving free access to HFD (HFD group) or HCD (HCD group). We quantified the serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, inducible protein 10, interferon γ, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, keratinocyte chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, monokine induced by IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α. Only IL-12 levels were lower (P<0.05), for both HFD-FR (HFD-FR vs HFD) and HCD-FR (HCD-FR vs HCD). Therefore, IL-12 levels could be considered a biological marker of the beneficial effects of FR.

Concrete structures must be designed and constructed so as to resist the conditions established in the project design and suffer no deterioration for many years. In highly aggressive environments, in addition to the minimum layer covering the framework, the concrete must receive a protective coating. In this work, the efficiency of acrylic paint as a protective coating, while the concrete was placed in an aggressive environment, was assessed utilizing a profilometric and microstructural characterization. The concrete was dosed using the ACI - American Concrete Institute method. The specimens were prepared with 370 kg.m-3 of cement and the water-binder ratio of 0.50 corresponds to the value established in NBR6118¹ types for concrete subjected to highly aggressive environments. With the use of profilometry, 3D topographical images and surface roughness parameters were generated, which allowed for the identification of the degradation process and the minimization of the effect of this attack on concrete that had received surface protection. The topographic roughness parameters, as well as the images and chemical components identified using SEM/EDS, made it possible to identify the process of deterioration of the concrete under acid attack and to minimize such effect in the coated concrete. The methodology adopted demonstrates that the application of acrylic paint as a protective coating for concrete in an aggressive environment minimizes its surface degradation and increases its durability.

Background. Pancreaticobiliary reflux is a pathologic phenomenon occurring in patients with gallstones. However, the occurrence of pancreaticobiliary reflux has not been studied in patients without gallstones. The objective of this study was to measure the bile levels of amylase and lipase in patients without gallstones submitted to cholecystectomy as part of another surgical procedure, and to compare these values with patients submitted to cholecystectomy for gallstone disease. Patients and Methods. A prospective observational comparative study was designed. A sample of 136 consecutive patients was included. Amylase and lipase levels were measured in bile. Normal serum amylase levels at our institution are 28-100 U/L and for lipase are 13-60 U/L. There are no established normal levels for pancreatic enzymes in bile. However, we considered elevated the bile amylase and lipase levels whenever they were higher than normal plasma levels. Results. One-hundred three patients (76%) had gallstones and 33 (24%) liad healthy gallbladders without gallstones. According to normal plasma levels for amylase and lipase, these enzymes in bile were elevated in 83.5% patients with gallstones, compared to elevated levels of amylase in 6% patients and lipase in 3% patients without gallstones. Conclusions. Pancreaticobiliary reflux is a common phenomenon in patients with gallstones and occurs sporadically in patients without gallstones.

Introducción. El reflujo pancreáticobiliar es un fenómeno patológico que ocurre en pacientes con colelitiasis. La ocurrencia de este fenómeno no ha sido estudiada en pacientes sin colelitiasis. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo medir los niveles de amilasa y lipasa en la bilis de pacientes sin colelitiasis, colecistectomizados como parte de otro procedimiento quirúrgico y comparar estos valores con pacientes colecistectomizados por colelitiasis. Pacientes y Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio observacional y comparativo. Una muestra de 136 pacientes consecutivos fue incluida. Se midieron los niveles de amilasa y lipasa en la bilis. En nuestra institución los valores normales para amilasa son 28-100 U/L y para lipasa 13-60 U/L. No se han establecido valores normales de enzimas pancreáticas en la bilis. Para efectos del presente estudio, se consideró como elevados los niveles biliares de amilasa y lipasa cuando fueron mayores a los valores plasmáticos normales. Resultados. 103 pacientes (76%) tenían colelitiasis y 33 (24%) tenían vesículas normales sin cálculos. De acuerdo a los valores plasmáticos normales de amilasa y lipasa, estas enzimas se encontraron elevadas en 83,5% de los pacientes con colelitiasis comparados con valores elevados de amilasa en 6% en pacientes sin colelitiasis y de lipasa en 3% de estos pacientes. Conclusiones. El reflujo pancreaticobiliar es un fenómeno común en pacientes con colelitiasis y ocurre esporádicamente en pacientes sin colelitiasis.

Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor which has chemical structure susceptible to degradation, therefore in this work forced degradation studies of ramipril were carried out by a developed and validated stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method. Stress testing was performed on drug substance under hydrolysis (0.1 N HCl, water and 0.1 N NaOH), oxidation (3% H2O2), heat (70°C) and photolysis (UV and VIS radiation). The drug was degraded under acidic, neutral, alkaline, oxidation and thermal stress conditions but it was stable under photolysis. Chromatographic separation of ramipril from its degradation products was achieved on a RP-18 column, using a mobile phase consisting of methanol - tetrahydrofuran - phosphate buffer (pH 2.4; 0.01M) (55:5:40, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and UV detection at 215 nm. The assay was linear for ramipril concentrations of 50-300 ug/mL. The developed method was stability indicating, specific, accurate and precise for ramipril determination. This method was used to quantify ramipril in tablets. The results showed that the method described here is suitable for quantitative determination and the stability study of ramipril.

The chemical stability of ceftriaxone for injection reconstituted with water was studied at different storage conditions by a validated stability-indicating ion-pair liquid chromatographic method. The study was performed on ceftriaxone for injection samples obtained from two pharmaceutical laboratories, at three different temperatures: 23 °C ± 2 °C, + 8 °C ± 1 °C and - 20 °C ± 0.5 °C, over 26 days, 55 days, and 76 days, respectively. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a RP-18 column, using a mobile phase consisting of 250 mL acetonitrile, 50 mL phosphate buffer (pH 7.4; 0.1M), 3.2 g tetrabutylammonium bromide made up to a volume of 1 L with water, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and UV detection at 260 nm. The stability-indicating capability of the assay was estabhshed by forced degradation studies under hydrolysis, high temperature and photolysis. The developed method was specific, stability indicating, accurate and precise for ceftriaxone determination. At room temperature and at + 8 °C the degradation of ceftriaxone followed first-order kinetics and the samples were chemically stable for at least 4 and 41 days respectively. At - 20 °C the concentration of all samples remained higher than 90% of the original concentration. Degradation of ceftriaxone was higher at room temperature; therefore lower storage temperatures improved the chemical stability of ceftriaxone for injection in water.

lntroduction: We discuss five patients treated at our institution. Besides the initial surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy, we used the negative-pressure wound therapy (NPVVT) as part of their treatment. Patients and methods: The NPVVT device was constructed with off-the-shelf components. After the diagnosis of perineal necrotizing fasciitis was established, all patients underwent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. The wound was closed with the NPVVT system and left under negative-pressure central aspiration. After the wound was clean and no more surgical debridements were necessary, patients underwent local treatment. When they achieved granulation tissue, simple dressings were used. When the wound was contracting, we approximated the edges with an interrupted suture of Nylon, and allowed to heal by second intention. Conclusión: The use of NPWT stands as another valid option to manage the wound left after surgical debridement of the perineal gangrene and provides better and more comfortable management of the wound

Introducción: Se discuten 5 pacientes tratados en nuestra institución. Además del aseo quirúrgico con desbridamiento inicial y terapia antibiótica, utilizamos el sistema de aspiración-tracción (SAT) como parte de su tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: El SAT fue manufacturado artesanalmente con material disponible en el hospital. Después de que el diagnóstico de fasciitis necrotizante del periné fue establecido, todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a aseo quirúrgico y desbridamiento del tejido necrótico. La herida fue cubierta con el SAT quedando a presión negativa bajo aspiración central. Tiempo después, cuando la herida se encontraba limpia y no se requerían de otros aseos quirúrgicos o curaciones bajo anestesia en pabellón, los pacientes fueron sometidos a curaciones locales. En el momento que se logró buen tejido de granulación, se dejó de utilizar el SAT y se continuó con curaciones planas. Cuando la herida empezó a contraerse, aproximamos los bordes con puntos separados de Nylon y dejamos que cerrara por segunda intención. Conclusión: El uso del SAT constituye otra opción válida para el manejo de la herida que deja el aseo quirúrgico y desbridamiento de la gangrena perineal, además provee un mejor manejo de la herida con mayor comodidad para el paciente

Several studies show that environmental modifications (i.e. nutritional or sensory) can produce profound alterations in the normal development of the cerebral cortex and its connectivity. In addition, it is possible that in natural conditions animal species have developed neuronal adaptations to the different conditions of luminance in which they normally behave. In this work we studied the 17 visual area (primary visual cortex), of two sympatric Chilean rodents, a continuous activity period species (Abrothrix olivaceus, n=7) and a nocturnal species (Phyllotis darwini, n=7), in order to detect species differences in neuronal density in celloidin-embedded, 40 mm-thickness Nissl sections, with the aid of the optical disector. A. olivaceus showed a decreased neuronal density in relation to P. darwini (34.75x104+1.35x104 neurons/mm3 against 37.23x104+2.2x104 neurons/mm3), which was statistically significant (t=2.54;p<0.05). These differences might be related to differences in daily activity in the two species

Diversos estudios experimentales demuestran que modificaciones medioambientales (por ejemplo: nutricionales y lumínicas), pueden producir alteraciones en el desarrollo normal de la corteza visual y sus conexiones. Por otro lado, es posible que en condiciones naturales, las especies animales hayan desarrollado adaptaciones a las distintas condiciones de luminosidad en que realizan su actividad. Por ende, la finalidad de este trabajo, fue estudiar la corteza visual primaria (área 17), de dos especies de roedores silvestres, relacionados filogenéticamente, pero con diferentes períodos de actividad; Abrothrix olivaceus (n=7) y Phyllotis darwini (n=7), con el propósito de evidenciar cambios detectados a través de la medición de la densidad neuronal, mediante la técnica del disector óptico, en cortes de 40µm de grosor, incluidos en celoidina y teñidos con cresyl violeta (Nissl). A. olivaceus, el cual presenta un periodo de actividad continuo en la zona central de Chile, evidenció una densidad neuronal menor (34.75 x 10(4) ± 1.35 x 10(4) neuronas/mm³) que la observada en P. darwini (37.23 x 10(4) ± 2.20 x 10(4) neuronas/mm³), especie de actividad nocturna en la misma región del país; siendo lo anterior estadísticamente significativo (t=2.54; p<0.05). Las diferencias encontradas se relacionarían con el tipo de conducta que presentan ambas especies, dado principalmente por las características de luminosidad en que se desenvuelven, así como también, de otros factores que se relacionarían con este parámetro, como son la relación predador-presa y la alimentación, entre otros

Se analizaron los resultados de pruebas de sensibilidad practicadas a Shigella sp. aisladas en el período 1993-1999, y se recolectaron, al azar, cepas aisladas en laboratorios de la ciudad y del hospital, a fin de verificar, en condiciones controladas, su identidad y sensibilidad a 12 antimicrobianos. De 184 cepas aisladas, 63 fueron Sh. flexneri (34,2%), Sh. boydii 62 (33,7), Sh. sonnei 28 (15,3%) y Sh. dysenteriae 20 (11%), cuya sensibilidad a más de 16 antimicrobianos probados durante el período demostró que el 80% eran resistentes a ampicilina, 68% a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, 57% a cloranfenicol y el 10% a imipenem y ciprofloxacina, variando, entre estos rangos, la resistencia demostrada contra los otros. De las colectadas al azar, 15 Sh. flexneri (60%), 7 Sh. boydii (25%), Sh. dysenteriae 2 (8%) y Sh. sonnei 1 (4%), 80% resistentes a tetraciclina, el 72% resistentes a ampicilina/sulbactam y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, 56% resistentes a cloranfenicol y a amikacina, y el 100% sensibles a ciprofloxacina y cefixime. La frecuencia de especies de Shigella aisladas en el hospital fue diferente de las colectadas al azar, y su espectro de sensibilidad sensiblemente distinto. La demostración de Shigella sp. con moderada y alta resistencia en la región es un hallazgo importante, que sugiere acentuar la vigilancia epidemiológica sobre shigelosis, las especies que prevalecen y su comportamiento ante las drogas utilizadas en el tratamiento.

The isolation of 184 strains of Shigella sp, during a 7 years period, showed that 63 (34.2%) were Sh. flexnery, 62 (33.7%) Sh. boydii, 28 (15.3%) Sh. sonnei, and 20 (11%) Sh. dysenteriae. The global susceptibility test against more than 16 different antimicrobial agents, indicated that 80% of them were resistant to ampicilin, 68% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 57% to cloramphenicol, and 10% to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Strains of Shigella collected at random in the area and identified under controlled laboratory condition, 15 out of 25 (60%) proved to be Sh. flexneri, 25% Sh. boydii, 8% Sh. dysenteriae and 4% Sh. sonnei being resistant to ampicillin/sulbactan, tetracycline, and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole more tan 72% of them, but a 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cefixime. The frequency of Shigella species isolated at the hospital and those collected in the area, were different, as well as the susceptibility profile to antimicrobial agents tested. The demonstration of strains with moderate to height resistance level, seems to be an important fact on behalf of shigellosis epidemiological surveillance effort in the area, its prevalence and susceptibility to drugs used for treatment.

Hepatitis B is an infection, which can carry long-term serious health consequences, being the health-care workers a group in risk of acquiring it. There are safe and effective vaccines currently in use, although there is a percentage on non-responders. With the objective of evaluating the immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccine, health-care workers in high and moderate risk groups of acquiring this infection were vaccinated. Quantitative levels of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) were measured after 6 months of the vaccination. The group included 351 women and 134 men, being the average 35.8 years. In this group 409 workers had levels of anti HBs over 100 mUI/ml (84.3), 55 in between 10 and 99 mUI/ml (11.3%) and 21 under 10 mUI/ml (4.3%). Studing these three groups by multivaried analysis we found that the anti HBs were lower, if the age was higher (p < 0.01). These was no association with gender or corporal mass index. These results show that the immunogenicity or the recombinant vaccine is effective because 95.7% of the vaccinated people had protective levels of anti-HBs and only 4.3% required a booster dose. It is important to consider the age of the population when designing plans for prevention of hepatitis B infection

El virus de hepatitis B (HB) es capaz de persistir en un porcentaje de los infectados produciendo enfermedad hepática crónica a largo plazo. El personal de salud es un grupo especialmente expuesto a contraer esta infección. Actualmente se dispone de vacunas anti HB inmunogénicas, eficaces y seguras. Aunque la mayoría de las personas responde en forma adecuada, un porcentaje bajo son no respondedores. Con el objeto de evaluar la respuesta inmune a una vacuna recombinante e identificar potenciales factores de riesgo de una respuesta inadecuada, se realizó un estudio prospectivo en funcionarios de la salud. A los 6 meses de recibir 3 dosis de vacuna contra HB (0-1-6 meses) se les midió título de anticuerpos contra antígeno de superficie de hepatitis B (anti HBs). Se estudiaron 485 sujetos con una relación mujer: hombre de 2,6:1 y una edad promedio de 35,8 años. De los 485, 409 (84,3%) funcionarios presentaron niveles mayores de 100 mUI/ml, 55 (11,3%) mostraron niveles entre 10 y 100 mUI/ml y 21 (4,3%) bajo 10 mUI/ml (4,3%). Un análisis multivariado de estos 3 grupos mostró que a mayor edad, los niveles de anti HBs eran menores (p < 0,01). No se encontró esta asociación con sexo e índice de masa corporal. Estos resultados muestran una adecuada inmunogenicidad de la vacuna recombinante ya que 95,7% de los individuos vacunados presentó niveles anti HBs considerados como protectores (> 10 mUI/ml.)

RESUMO O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) tem sido o tratamento de escolha para várias doenças hematológicas severas. Uma das maiores complicações do transplante alogênico é a doença do enxerto-versus-hospedeiro (DECH), a qual ocorre em 50-70% dos casos. Aproximadamente 60% dos pacientes transplantados, que sofrem de DECH, apresentam comprometimento ocular, sendo a ceratoconjuntivite sicca a alteração mais comum. Neste estudo foram avaliados 34 pacientes pós-TMO com diagnóstico de ceratoconjuntivite sicca e destes, 27 pacientes apresentavam história de DECH. Após instituída a terapia convencional, 8 pacientes evoluíram para ceratite difusa persistente e 1 paciente evoluiu para úlcera periférica bilateral. Os resultados do presente estudo apontam para a necessidade de acompanhamento oftalmológico obrigatório para os pacientes submetidos ao transplante de medula óssea.

SUMMARY Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been the treatment of choice for many severe hematologic diseases. The most important complication in the allogeneic transplantation is the graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), that occurs in 50-70% of the cases. Approximately 60% of the transplanted patients who developed GVHD, showed ocular damage, and keratoconjuntivitis sicca was the most common. In this study, thirty-four patients showed dry eye and from these, 27 (79,4%) patients developed GVHD, in agreement with the elevate correlation between dry eye and GVHD. After the iniciation of the conventional therapy, 04 patients developed persistent difuse keractitis and one, bilateral periferic ulcers. The results of this study, indicate the need of obligatory ophthalmologic accompaniment of the patients who underwent BMT.